Independent state (1878–1918)

After the Berlin Congress in 1878, Serbia obtained territorial expansion and independence. In 1881, political parties were introduced in Serbia. Also in 1881, the Principality of Serbia obtained the status of a monarchy and it became the Kingdom of Serbia, of which Milan Obrenović became its first king. In 1903, there was a military coup and the Karađorđević Dynasty returned to power. Between 1912 and 1913, Serbia participated in two Balkan Wars. After these wars, Turkish domination in the Balkans ended and Serbia expanded its territory. In 1914, the Kingdom of Serbia entered World War I and fought against Austria-Hungary, Germany and their Allies (the so-called Central powers). At the end of World War I, in 1918, Serbia became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1929).