English
Reforms and Social Changes
Abbas, Raouf, and El-Dessouky, Assem, The Large Landowning Class and the Peasantry in Egypt, 1837–1952, tr. by Amer Mohsen with Mona Zikri, ed. by Peter Gran, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2011.

el Azhary Sonbol, Amira, The Creation of a Medical Profession in Egypt, 1800–1922. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1991.

Bakalti, Souad, La femme tunisienne au temps de la colonisation, 1881–1956, Paris: L’Harmattan, 1996.

Cole, Juan R. I., Colonialism and Revolution in the Middle East: Social and Cultural Origins of Egypt’s 'Urabi Movement, Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1999.

Dağlar, Oya, War, Epidemics, and Medicine in the late Ottoman Empire (1912–1918), Haarlem, The Netherlands: Sota, 2008.

Georgeon, François, Sous le signe des réformes : état et société, de l'Empire ottoman à la Turquie kémaliste (1789–1939), Istanbul: Isis, 2009.

Köksal, Duygu, and Falierou, Anastasia (eds), A Social History of Late Ottoman Women: New Perspectives, Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2013.

Gallois, Williams, The Administration of Sickness: Medicine and Ethics in Nineteenth-century Algeria, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Larguèche, Dalenda (ed.), Histoire des femmes au Maghreb: culture matérielle et vie quotidienne, Tunis: Centre de Publications Universitaires, 2000.

Lockman, Zachary (ed.), Workers and Working Classes in the Middle East: Struggles, Histories, Historiographies, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1994.

Mestiri, Saïd, Le médecin dans la cité: origines et évolution de la médecine arabo-islamique, Tunis: Sud Editions, 2006.

Quataert, Donald, and Zürcher Erik J. (eds), Workers and the Working Class in the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic, 1839–1950, London; New York: I. B. Tauris; Amsterdam: International Institute of Social History, 1995.

Rivet, Daniel, Le Maghreb à l'épreuve de la colonisation, Paris: A. Fayard, 2010.

Rogan, Eugene, “Aşiret Mektebi: Abdülhamid II’s School for Tribes (1892–1907)”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28.1 (February 1996): 83–107.

Sedra, Paul, From Mission to Modernity: Evangelicals, Reformers and Education in Nineteenth Century Egypt, London: I. B. Tauris, 2011.

Somel, Selçuk Akşin, The Modernization of Public Education in the Ottoman Empire, 1839–1908: Islamization, Autocracy and Discipline, Leiden: Brill, 2001.

Temimi, Abdeljelil, La vie économique des provinces arabes et leurs sources documentaires à l'époque ottomane (études réunies et présentées par Abdeljelil Temimi), Zaghouan, Tunisie: CERPAO, 1986.

Tlili, Béchir, Crises et mutations dans le monde islamo-méditerranéen contemporain (1907–1918), Tunis: Université de Tunis, 1978.

Tlili, Béchir, Les Rapports culturels et idéologiques entre l'Orient et l'Occident enTunisie au XIXe siècle (1830–1880), Tunis: Université de Tunis, 1974.