Date |
Country |
Theme |
1797 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Austria and France conclude the Treaty of Campo Formio on 17 October. Austria then cedes to Belgium and Lombardy. To compensate, it gains the eastern part of the Venetian Republic up to the Adige, including Venice, Istria and Dalmatia. |
1814 - 1815 |
Austria |
Political Context |
The Great Peace Congress is held in Vienna from 18 September 1814 to 9 June 1815. Clemens Wenzel Duke of Metternich organises the Austrian predominance in Italy. Austria exchanges the Austrian Netherlands for the territory of the Venetian Republic and creates the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia. |
1840 - 1841 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Austria cooperates in a settlement to the Turkish–Egyptian crisis of 1840, sending intervention forces to conquer the Ottoman fortresses of Saida (Sidon) and St Jean d’Acre, and concluding with the Dardanelles Treaty signed at the London Straits Convention of 1841. |
1848 - 1849 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Revolution in Austria-Hungary and northern Italy. |
1859 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Defeat of the Austrians by a French and Sardinian Army at the Battle of Solferino on 24 June sees terrible losses on both sides. |
1859 |
Austria |
Political Context |
At the Peace of Zürich (10 November) Austria cedes Lombardy, but not Venetia, to Napoleon III; in turn, Napoleon hands the province over to the Kingdom of Sardinia. |
1866 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Following defeat at the Battle of Königgrätz (3 October), at the Peace of Vienna, Austria is forced to cede the Venetian province to Italy. |
1878 |
Austria |
Political Context |
In June the signatories at the Congress of Berlin grant Austria the right to occupy and fully administer Bosnia and Herzegovina for an undetermined period. |
1881 |
Austria |
Political Context |
The alliance of the three Emperors of Germany, Russia and Austria recognise the Habsburg Empire’s predominance in the western Balkans. In June, Austria reaches an agreement with King Milan I of Serbia, whereby Austria promises to support an eventual Serbian expansion in the south, while Serbia agrees to exclude any agreement with other powers without Austria’s prior approval. |
1883 |
Austria |
Political Context |
In October, the Austrian Emperor Franz Josef concludes a secret alliance with the Hohenzollern King of Romania, Carol I, against Russia. |
1896 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Russia recognises Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg, a former Austrian officer, as the new Prince of Bulgaria. |
1903 |
Austria |
Political Context |
The young King Alexander of Serbia is brutally murdered in an officers’ conspiracy in June. The replacement of the pro-Austrian Obrenović Dynasty by the pro-Russian House of Karađorđević under Peter I, changes the balance of power in the Balkans. |
1908 |
Austria |
Political Context |
The Austrian Government proclaims the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina and the evacuation of Austrian troops from the Sanjak on 6 October. The Austrian annexation then escalates into a major international crisis, which sees Serbia’s future hope to establish a Yugoslav empire shattered. |
1914 |
Austria |
Political Context |
On 28 June the heir-apparent Archduke Francis Ferdinand is shot in Sarajevo by a Bosnian youth of Serb origin. |
1914 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Austria declares war on Serbia in July: she is supported by Russia, France and Britain. Turkey and Bulgaria enter the war on the side of the German–Austrian Alliance. |
1916 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Death of Emperor Francis Joseph and accession of Emperor Charles I to the Austro-Hungarian throne. |
1916 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Romania declares war on the Central Powers: Germany, Austria and Bulgaria. |
1918 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Armistice between Austro-Hungary and the Entente Powers (France, Russia and the United Kingdom). |
1918 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Emperor Charles I renounces his participation to the government of Germany-Austria (Deutsch Österreich). The Austrian republic is founded in Vienna. |
1918 |
Austria |
Political Context |
The Peace (or Treaty) of Bucharest between Romania and Austria. |
1919 |
Austria |
Political Context |
Austria signs the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye with the Entente Powers. |
1920 |
Austria |
Political Context |
The population of Carinthia in southernmost Austria votes in favour of remaining within Austria. |