All Themes | Turkey

Ágoston, Gábor, and Masters, Bruce, Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, New York: Facts On File, 2009.

Çelik, Zeynep, Displaying the Orient: Architecture of Islam at Nineteenth-Century World’s Fairs, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992.

Çelik, Zeynep, The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993.

Chatty, Dawn, Displacement and Dispossession in the Modern Middle East, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Philliou, Christine M., Biography of an Empire. Governing Ottomans in an Age of Revolution, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011, p. 233.

Shaw, S., and Shaw, E., History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Cambridge / New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Shaw, Wendy M. K., Ottoman Painting: Reflections of Western Art from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic, New York: I. B. Tauris, 2011.

Somel, Selcuk Akşin, Historical dictionary of the Ottoman Empire, Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

Somel, Selcuk Akşin, The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire, Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2010.

Worringer, Renee, Ottomans Imagining Japan: East, Middle East, and Non-Western Modernity at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.