Collections | Music, Literature, Dance and Fashion | Literature | From rationalism to European romanticism, the first half of the 19th century [4 Objects]

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Introduction to the Chapter

Victor Hugo at Casteret

1852–1855

National Library of France

Paris, France

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 Justification for this item

Victor Hugo was a French dramatist, novelist and poet associated with European Romanticism. Among his best-known works are the novels Notre Dame de Paris (The Hunchback of Notre-Dame) and Les Misérables, the latter of which focuses on social misery and injustice.

Victor Hugo at Casteret

1852–1855

National Library of France

Paris, France

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Poem

1869

Austrian State Archives

Vienna, Austria

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 Justification for this item

Monarchs from all over Europe arrived to celebrate the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, including Empress Eugenie of France, Emperor Franz-Josef I of Austria-Hungary and the Prince and Princess of Wales. To commemorate the occasion medals were issued, opera houses were built and odes were written to pay honour to the imperial guests.

Poem

1869

Austrian State Archives

Vienna, Austria

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Théâtre du Châtelet. Germinal

1880

National Library of France

Paris, France

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 Justification for this item

Émile Zola was a French writer and a nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature whose work represents the Naturalism school, which although focused on events from daily life tried to define the underlying factors of social behaviour, such as hereditary and social environment. Among his famous works was the novel cycle Les Rougon-Macquart.

Théâtre du Châtelet. Germinal

1880

National Library of France

Paris, France

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Émile Zola. J'accuse! … 11-13 January 1898

1898

National Library of France

Paris, France

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 Justification for this item

Émile Zola was a French writer and a nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature whose work represents the Naturalism school, which although focused on events from daily life tried to define the underlying factors of social behaviour, such as hereditary and social environment. Among his famous works was the novel cycle Les Rougon-Macquart.

Émile Zola. J'accuse! … 11-13 January 1898

1898

National Library of France

Paris, France

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Introduction to the Chapter