Collections | Cities and Urban Spaces | Architecture and Construction | New building types, new designs and architectural alterations [23 Objects, 20 Monuments]

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Introduction to the Chapter

National Museum of Soares dos Reis

1795

Porto, Portugal

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 Justification for this item

This Neoclassical building, purpose-built to house a museum, shows the influence of the British architect Robert Adam.

Musée de Carthage

19th century

Carthage, Tunisia

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Musée de Carthage

19th century

Carthage, Tunisia

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The Egyptian Stock Market

Unknown

Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Alexandria, Egypt

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 Justification for this item

The building was built in the Neoclassical style to match 19th-century European counterparts.

The Egyptian Stock Market

Unknown

Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Alexandria, Egypt

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Drawing of the railway bridge between the mainland and Venice

c. 1830

Austrian State Archives

Vienna, Austria

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 Justification for this item

Bridges symbolise connections between places as well as historical eras. This one was built using modern construction methods and materials.

Steam engine building

1841–1843

Potsdam, Germany

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 Justification for this item

The innovation of steam-engine technology, following Thomas Newcomen and James Watt, revolutionised the industrial sector. Installing a high-tech machine in a building form that in the Arab and Ottoman world is associated with sacred spaces perhaps not only celebrated the vogue for the “East”, but also in some way elevated the Industrial Revolution beyond the daily and profane.

Steam engine building

1841–1843

Potsdam, Germany

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Cairo, from the Gate of Citizenib, looking towards the Desert of Suez

Published 1849

Sharjah Art Museum / Sharjah Museums Department

Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)

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Cairo, from the Gate of Citizenib, looking towards the Desert of Suez

Published 1849

Sharjah Art Museum / Sharjah Museums Department

Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)

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Military Infirmary

1865

Beirut, Lebanon

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 Justification for this item

This quintessentially Ottoman-style building was erected during the empire’s rule. The infirmary provided medical care to military personnel.

Lisbon Astronomical Observatory

1867 (first observations)

Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal

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 Justification for this item

Astronomy has a long tradition in Portugal due to the country’s maritime prowess, but governmental astronomical observatories were a 19th-century phenomenon.

Lisbon Astronomical Observatory

1867 (first observations)

Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal

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Tripoli Evangelical School

1873

Tripoli, Lebanon

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 Justification for this item

A 19th-century public school run by missionaries, the architecture is traditionally Lebanese with European influences.

Université Saint-Joseph (USJ)

1875

Beirut, Lebanon

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 Justification for this item

The building, commissioned by the Jesuits in the European style, heralded the introduction of higher education in Arab and Ottoman lands.

Nazareth School

1877

Nazareth School

Beirut, Lebanon

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 Justification for this item

Evoking a European fortified palace façade on a hilltop, the building represented a new educational form in Lebanon.

Nazareth School

1877

Nazareth School

Beirut, Lebanon

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Barbadinhos steam pumping station at the time of its inauguration

1880

Historical Archive, Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres (Portuguese Water Company)

Lisbon, Portugal

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 Justification for this item

Looking like a small palace set beside town houses, the pumping station turns to face the world. The smoke seen coming from the chimney suggests that the photo was taken when the pumping station was at the peak of its operation.

Barbadinhos steam pumping station at the time of its inauguration

1880

Historical Archive, Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres (Portuguese Water Company)

Lisbon, Portugal

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Photo showing the Institute of Medicine

1883

University of Saint Joseph

Beirut, Lebanon

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Photo showing the Institute of Medicine

1883

University of Saint Joseph

Beirut, Lebanon

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School of the Voz do Operário (Voice of the Worker) society, external view

1883

Photography Archive, Lisbon City Council, CML

Lisbon, Portugal

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 Justification for this item

The factory-worker class gave birth to workers’ associations, societies and unions, and also buildings such as this one in simple architectural forms.

School of the Voz do Operário (Voice of the Worker) society, external view

1883

Photography Archive, Lisbon City Council, CML

Lisbon, Portugal

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A watchman on a Constantinople street

Hegira late 13th – early 14th century / AD late 19th – early 20th century

Sharjah Art Museum / Sharjah Museums Department

Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)

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A watchman on a Constantinople street

Hegira late 13th – early 14th century / AD late 19th – early 20th century

Sharjah Art Museum / Sharjah Museums Department

Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)

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Beirut Railway Station

1891

Beirut, Lebanon

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 Justification for this item

The first railway station in Lebanon followed the style of small European railway stations of the 19th century.

Istanbul Archaeological Museums

1891

Istanbul University, Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi (Rare Books Library)

Istanbul, Turkey

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 Justification for this item

The museum, which was founded during the 19th century at a time when many Arab, Ottoman and Southern Mediterranean countries were founding public museums in parallel with European counterparts, was constructed in the “canonised” Neoclassical style that evoked ancient Greek classical architecture.

Istanbul Archaeological Museums

1891

Istanbul University, Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi (Rare Books Library)

Istanbul, Turkey

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Pera Palace Hotel

1892

Istanbul University, Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi (Rare Books Library)

Istanbul, Turkey

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 Justification for this item

The vogue for travel on the Orient Express called for the construction of a new luxury hotel to accommodate its wealthy passengers. By using the vocabulary of European architecture and ensuring that all the “luxuries of home” were available, guests felt immediately comfortable.

Pera Palace Hotel

1892

Istanbul University, Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi (Rare Books Library)

Istanbul, Turkey

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Introduction to the Chapter

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