Ambassador Mohammed ibn 'Abd al-Malik, Pasha of Tangier, visits Vienna on February 14, 1783
After 1783
Kunsthistorisches Museum
Vienna, Austria
Austrian diplomatic relations with Morocco began in the late 18th century.
L’escalier des lions (painting)
19th century
Palais de la Rose – Musée de l’Armée
La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
General Hullin's audience, provided by the Dey of Algeria
19th century
National Library of France
Paris, France
Military delegations were among the more frequent and, at times, more threatening visits rulers received. On this occasion, in 1802, Napoleon I dispatched General Hulin, accompanied by Consul Dubois-Thainville, to issue a threat to the Dey of Algiers in response to Algerian “pirate” activity against French ships.
19th century
National Library of France
Paris, France
Empress Eugénie actively supported her husband’s ambition to advance French interests in the Middle East and North Africa. During her visit to Constantinople in 1868, however, she incurred the disapproval of the sultan’s mother, when – overconfidently – she broke Ottoman protocol.
19th century
Musée d’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine de Kassar Saïd
Le Bardo, Tunis, Tunisia
19th century
Palais de la Rose – Musée de l’Armée
La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
This bronze canon was gifted to Muhammad Sadiq Bey of Tunis by King Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy in 1867. At the time, Italy was consolidating its economic and political influence in Tunisia in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to stem or at least hinder French imperialist expansion in the region.
19th century
Palais de la Rose – Musée de l’Armée
La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
Mahmud II, Sultan of Turkey (1784–1839)
1st half of the 19th century
Austrian National Library
Vienna, Austria
1832
Musée Public National des Antiquités
Algiers, Algeria
At the beginning of the 19th century resident missions were established all over the Arab and Ottoman world, initially to protect the interests and communities of European merchants. The Swedes had established trade relations with Algeria in the early 18th century. At the time, the first Consul was a Scottish merchant George Logie.
Le consul Joseph Raffo (painting)
1840
Musée d’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine de Kassar Saïd
Le Bardo, Tunis, Tunisia
The arrival of Suleiman Pasha, envoy of the Porte, in Giurgiu
1848
National Museum of Romanian History
Bucharest, Romania
In the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire faced increasing sedition in its eastern European provinces. In 1831, Süleyman Pasha, the Ottoman sultan’s envoy, was dispatched to Romania to investigate goings-on there. With his troops gathered around him for the purpose of intimidation, he is seen here meeting with a Romanian delegation in Giurgiu, a Romanian port on the Danube.
Portrait of Archduke Maximilian
1850
Austrian Military Museum / Institute of Military History
Vienna, Austria
Le général Khaireddine (painting)
1852
Musée d’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine de Kassar Saïd
Le Bardo, Tunis, Tunisia
Interview with Mehemet Ali in his Palace at Alexandria 1839
Published 1849
Sharjah Art Museum / Sharjah Museums Department
Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
The scene is a perfect representation of both the European delegations in the region at the time and the broad interests represented by them: in addition to the British Consul General in Alexandria, the group meeting Muhammad ‘Ali includes a businessman, scholars and an artist.
Le retour de la guerre de Crimée (painting)
1856
Palais de la Rose – Musée de l’Armée
La Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
1857
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Collection of Arms and Armour
Vienna, Austria
The Bey of Tunis gifted these pistols to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria as part of his strategy to secure an alliance with the Austrian Empire against the French and their threatening presence in neighbouring Algeria. His efforts were aided by the fact that, in the late 1850s, Austria was on the brink of war with France, which was to erupt eventually in 1859.
Order of the Medjidie that belonged to Alexandru Ioan Cuza
1860
National Museum of Romanian History
Bucharest, Romania
Alexandru Ioan Cuza, elected Domnitor (ruler) of Moldova and Wallachia in 1859, was awarded the Order of the Medjidie by his overlord, Ottoman Sultan ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, in September 1860, on the occasion of his investiture in Istanbul.
Mohamed Sadok Pacha Bey (painting)
1861
Musée d’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine de Kassar Saïd
Le Bardo, Tunis, Tunisia