Collections | Reforms and Social Changes | Education | Ottoman schools [6 Objects, 1 Monuments]

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Introduction to the Chapter

Atik Valide Mosque

19th century

Sabancı University, Sakıp Sabancı Museum

Istanbul, Turkey

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 Justification for this item

Although unexpected, a close connection exists between the first modern Turkish painters and the military academies in Istanbul. In addition to technical subjects art was taught to enable students to draw strategic maps. Some used their skills to realise their artistic potential.

Atik Valide Mosque

19th century

Sabancı University, Sakıp Sabancı Museum

Istanbul, Turkey

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The Artist Girl and Her Studio

19th century

Sabancı University, Sakıp Sabancı Museum

Istanbul, Turkey

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 Justification for this item

The artist Halil Pasha studied at the Mühendishane-i Berr-i Hümayun (Engineering School for Armed Forces). This Ottoman military school, opened in 1795, offered a curriculum including mathematics, French and even art. For some students, such as Halil Pasha, the school offered an opportunity to develop their artistic skills beyond their practical requirements.

The Artist Girl and Her Studio

19th century

Sabancı University, Sakıp Sabancı Museum

Istanbul, Turkey

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Madame X

19th century

Sabancı University, Sakıp Sabancı Museum

Istanbul, Turkey

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 Justification for this item

The artist Halil Pasha attended one of the modern military academies first founded in Ottoman Turkey towards the end of the 18th century. Military academies, the first based in Istanbul, provided advanced education aimed at future officers and senior army personnel.

Madame X

19th century

Sabancı University, Sakıp Sabancı Museum

Istanbul, Turkey

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Portrait of Butrus al-Bustani

19th century

“A`lam fi Zakirat Lubnan”

Ba`abda, Lebanon

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 Justification for this item

Butrus al-Bustani was one of the leading personalities in the debate about Arab identity in the 19th century. He developed the idea of education as a way to overcome the divisions that existed in Lebanon. In 1863, he established the National School, which offered education to everyone regardless of religious creed.

Portrait of Butrus al-Bustani

19th century

“A`lam fi Zakirat Lubnan”

Ba`abda, Lebanon

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Maktab al-`Anbar School, Damascus

1890

Museum of Islamic Art at the Pergamon Museum, State Museums

Berlin, Germany

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 Justification for this item

In the wake of major reforms introduced in 1869, the Ottoman reorganisation of public education resulted in a unified network of state schools established throughout the Ottoman provinces. The curriculum they provided aimed at providing the necessary education to work in the Ottoman civil service.

Maktab al-`Anbar School, Damascus

1890

Museum of Islamic Art at the Pergamon Museum, State Museums

Berlin, Germany

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Al-Maktab al-I‘dadiyya al-‘Askariyya, Damascus

1890

Museum of Islamic Art at the Pergamon Museum, State Museums

Berlin, Germany

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 Justification for this item

19th century, military schools (preparatory and advanced) were built in many important cities of the Ottoman provinces, becoming part of the urban social fabric of cities from Syria to Yemen. Gradually, a common, pan-Ottoman school system was established throughout the kaleidoscopic societies of the empire.

Al-Maktab al-I‘dadiyya al-‘Askariyya, Damascus

1890

Museum of Islamic Art at the Pergamon Museum, State Museums

Berlin, Germany

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The Majlis of Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Midfa'

Hegira late 13th – early 14th century / AD late 19th – early 20th century

Sharjah City, United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)

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 Justification for this item

Throughout the Arab and Ottoman world, governments and influential patrons saw the support of education as among their most important duties. Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Midfa’, one of the foremost citizens and intellectuals in Sharjah at the time, was actively involved in promoting high-quality education for local children.

The Majlis of Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Midfa'

Hegira late 13th – early 14th century / AD late 19th – early 20th century

Sharjah City, United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)

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Introduction to the Chapter