Timeline | Before 1800 to After 1930 | TURKEY | POLITICAL CONTEXT

Date

Country | Theme | Description

1823

Turkey | Political Context

28 July: Treaty of Erzurum, which ends the Ottoman–Iranian war and restores the previous border.

1826

Turkey | Political Context

15–17 June: The abolition and extermination of the Janissary corps (the so-called Auspicious Incident) in İstanbul by troops loyal to Sultan Mahmud II. This act provides the conditions for institutional modernisation.

1827

Turkey | Political Context

20 October: A joint British, French and Russian fleet destroys the Ottoman and Egyptian navy at Navarino as the Sublime Porte did not accept the declaration of the UK, France and Russia for an autonomous Greece (in the Protocol of London, 6 July 1827).

1829

Turkey | Political Context

14 September: Treaty of Adrianople (present-day Edirne). This treaty secures Greek independence and strengthens the autonomy of Wallachia, Moldavia (Romania), and Serbia.

1833

Turkey | Political Context

8 April: Treaty of Kütahya with Egypt. The Ottomans recognise Syria, Palestine and Lebanon as within the sphere of the Egyptian control.

1833

Turkey | Political Context

8 July: Defensive Treaty of Hünkar İskelesi with Russia establishes Russian naval superiority in the Black Sea.

1835

Turkey | Political Context

Reorganisation of the bureaucracy and introduction of a new system of rank.

1838

Turkey | Political Context

Founding of the Ministry of Finance and formation of Sublime Council for Judicial Ordinances. The title “grand vizier” becomes “prime minister".

1839 - 1861

Turkey | Political Context

Reign of Sultan Abdülmecid.

1839

Turkey | Political Context

3 November: Mustafa Reşid Paşa declares the Imperial Rescript of Gülhane (the beginning of the Tanzimat reforms), granting basic rights to Ottoman subjects and declaring a policy of state reform. These reforms included the "fair and public trial[s] of all accused regardless of religion”, the creation of a system of "separate competences, religious and civil”, and the validity of non-Muslim testimony.
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